Monday, September 14, 2009

convert from string to datetime : datetime in sql query

How to convert from string to datetime?
Execute the following T-SQL scripts in Microsoft SQL Server Manangement Studio Query Editor to demonstrate T-SQL convert and cast functions in transforming string date, string time & string datetime data to datetime data type. Other datetime manipulation examples are presented as well.

-- Microsoft SQL Server string to date conversion - datetime string format sql server

-- MSSQL string to datetime conversion - convert char to date sql server

-- Subtract 100 from style number (format) for yy instead yyyy (or ccyy with century)

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2012 11:01AM', 100) -- mon dd yyyy hh:mmAM (or PM)

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2012 11:01AM') -- 2012-10-23 11:01:00.000



-- Without century (yy) string date conversion - convert string to datetime

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 12 11:01AM', 0) -- mon dd yy hh:mmAM (or PM)

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 12 11:01AM') -- 2012-10-23 11:01:00.000



-- Convert string to datetime sql - convert string to date sql - sql dates format

-- T-SQL convert string to datetime - SQL Server convert string to date

SELECT convert(datetime, '10/23/2016', 101) -- mm/dd/yyyy

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016.10.23', 102) -- yyyy.mm.dd

SELECT convert(datetime, '23/10/2016', 103) -- dd/mm/yyyy

SELECT convert(datetime, '23.10.2016', 104) -- dd.mm.yyyy

SELECT convert(datetime, '23-10-2016', 105) -- dd-mm-yyyy

-- mon types are nondeterministic conversions, dependent on language setting

SELECT convert(datetime, '23 OCT 2016', 106) -- dd mon yyyy

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23, 2016', 107) -- mon dd, yyyy

-- 2016-10-23 00:00:00.000

SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:44', 108) -- hh:mm:ss

-- 1900-01-01 20:10:44.000



-- mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmmAM (or PM) - sql time format

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 2016 11:02:44:013AM', 109)

-- 2016-10-23 11:02:44.013

SELECT convert(datetime, '10-23-2016', 110) -- mm-dd-yyyy

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016/10/23', 111) -- yyyy/mm/dd

SELECT convert(datetime, '20161023', 112) -- yyyymmdd

-- 2016-10-23 00:00:00.000

SELECT convert(datetime, '23 Oct 2016 11:02:07:577', 113) -- dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm

-- 2016-10-23 11:02:07.577

SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:25:300', 114) -- hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)

-- 1900-01-01 20:10:25.300

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11', 120) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)

-- 2016-10-23 20:44:11.000

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11.500', 121) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm

-- 2016-10-23 20:44:11.500

SELECT convert(datetime, '2008-10-23T18:52:47.513', 126) -- yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.mmm

-- 2008-10-23 18:52:47.513


-- SQL string to datetime conversion without century - some exceptions

SELECT convert(datetime, '10/23/16', 1) -- mm/dd/yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '16.10.23', 2) -- yy.mm.dd

SELECT convert(datetime, '23/10/16', 3) -- dd/mm/yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '23.10.16', 4) -- dd.mm.yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '23-10-16', 5) -- dd-mm-yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '23 OCT 16', 6) -- dd mon yy

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23, 16', 7) -- mon dd, yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:44', 8) -- hh:mm:ss

SELECT convert(datetime, 'Oct 23 16 11:02:44:013AM', 9)

SELECT convert(datetime, '10-23-16', 10) -- mm-dd-yy

SELECT convert(datetime, '16/10/23', 11) -- yy/mm/dd

SELECT convert(datetime, '161023', 12) -- yymmdd

SELECT convert(datetime, '23 Oct 16 11:02:07:577', 13) -- dd mon yy hh:mm:ss:mmm

SELECT convert(datetime, '20:10:25:300', 14) -- hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11',20) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)

SELECT convert(datetime, '2016-10-23 20:44:11.500', 21) -- yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm



------------



-- SQL Datetime Data Type: Combine date & time string into datetime - sql hh mm ss

-- String to datetime - mssql datetime - sql convert date - sql concatenate string

DECLARE @DateTimeValue varchar(32),

@DateValue char(8),

@TimeValue char(6)



SELECT @DateValue = '20120718',

@TimeValue = '211920'



SELECT @DateTimeValue =

convert(varchar, convert(datetime, @DateValue), 111)

+ ' ' + substring(@TimeValue, 1, 2)

+ ':' + substring(@TimeValue, 3, 2)

+ ':' + substring(@TimeValue, 5, 2)



SELECT

DateInput = @DateValue,

TimeInput = @TimeValue,

DateTimeOutput = @DateTimeValue;

/*

DateInput TimeInput DateTimeOutput

20120718 211920 2012/07/18 21:19:20

*/



-- SQL convert seconds to HH:MM:SS - sql times format - sql hh mm

DECLARE @Seconds INT

SET @Seconds = 20000

SELECT HH = @Seconds / 3600,

MM = (@Seconds%3600) / 60,

SS = (@Seconds%60)

GO

/*

HH MM SS

5 33 20

*/
------------

-- SQL Server 2008 convert datetime to date - sql yyyy mm dd

SELECT TOP (3)

OrderDate = CONVERT(date, OrderDate),

Today = CONVERT(date, getdate())

FROM AdventureWorks2008.Sales.SalesOrderHeader

ORDER BY newid();

/* OrderDate Today

2003-07-09 2012-06-18

2003-09-26 2012-06-18

2004-02-15 2012-06-18 */

------------

-- SQL date yyyy mm dd - sqlserver yyyy mm dd - date format yyyymmdd

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111) AS [YYYY/MM/DD]

/* YYYY/MM/DD

2015/07/11 */

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 112) AS [YYYYMMDD]

/* YYYYMMDD

20150711 */

SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111),'/',' ') AS [YYYY MM DD]

/* YYYY MM DD

2015 07 11 */

------------



-- SQL convert date string to datetime - time set to 00:00:00.000 or 12:00AM

PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'07-10-2012',110) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM

PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'2012/07/10',111) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM

PRINT CONVERT(datetime,'20120710', 112) -- Jul 10 2012 12:00AM

------------



-- String to date conversion - sql date yyyy mm dd - sql date formatting

-- SQL Server cast string to date - sql convert date to datetime

SELECT [Date] = CAST (@DateValue AS datetime)

GO

-- 2012-07-18 00:00:00.000



-- SQL convert string date to different style - sql date string formatting

SELECT CONVERT(varchar, CONVERT(datetime, '20140508'), 100)

-- May 8 2014 12:00AM

-- SQL Server convert date to integer

DECLARE @Date datetime

SET @Date = getdate()

SELECT DateAsInteger = CAST (CONVERT(varchar,@Date,112) as INT)

-- Result: 20161225



-- SQL Server convert integer to datetime

DECLARE @iDate int

SET @iDate = 20151225

SELECT IntegerToDatetime = CAST(convert(varchar,@iDate) as datetime)

GO
-- 2015-12-25 00:00:00.000



-- Alternates: date-only datetime values

-- SQL Server floor date - sql convert datetime

SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CONVERT(DATETIME, FLOOR(CONVERT(FLOAT, GETDATE())))

SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CONVERT(DATETIME, FLOOR(CONVERT(MONEY, GETDATE())))

-- SQL Server cast string to datetime

-- SQL Server datetime to string convert

SELECT [DATE-ONLY]=CAST(CONVERT(varchar, GETDATE(), 101) AS DATETIME)

-- SQL Server dateadd function - T-SQL datediff function

-- SQL strip time from date - MSSQL strip time from datetime

SELECT getdate() ,DATEADD(dd, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, getdate()), 0)

-- Results: 2016-01-23 05:35:52.793 2016-01-23 00:00:00.000

-- String date - 10 bytes of storage

SELECT [STRING DATE]=CONVERT(varchar, GETDATE(), 110)

SELECT [STRING DATE]=CONVERT(varchar, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 110)

-- Same results: 01-02-2012



-- SQL Server cast datetime as string - sql datetime formatting

SELECT stringDateTime=CAST (getdate() as varchar)

--Result: Dec 29 2012 3:47AM

----------

-- SQL date range between

----------

-- SQL date range select - date range search

-- T-SQL date range query - sql date ranges

-- Count Sales Orders for 2003 OCT-NOV

DECLARE @StartDate DATETIME, @EndDate DATETIME

SET @StartDate = convert(DATETIME,'10/01/2003',101)

SET @EndDate = convert(DATETIME,'11/30/2003',101)



SELECT @StartDate, @EndDate

-- 2003-10-01 00:00:00.000 2003-11-30 00:00:00.000

SELECT DATEADD(DAY,1,@EndDate),

DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(DAY,1,@EndDate))

-- 2003-12-01 00:00:00.000 2003-11-30 23:59:59.997



-- MSSQL date range select using >= and <>= @StartDate

AND OrderDate < pos="COUNT(*)">=...AND....<= SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN '2004-02-01 00:00:00.000' AND '2004-02-10 00:00:00.000' /* Orders with OrderDates '2004-02-10 00:00:01.000' - 1 second after midnight (12:00AM) '2004-02-10 00:01:00.000' - 1 minute after midnight '2004-02-10 01:00:00.000' - 1 hour after midnight are not included in the two queries above. */ -- To include the entire day of 2004-02-10 use: SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader WHERE OrderDate >= '20040201' AND OrderDate < '20040211' ---------- -- Date validation function ISDATE - returns 1 or 0 -- SQL datetime functions ------------ DECLARE @StringDate varchar(32) SET @StringDate = '2011-03-15 18:50' IF EXISTS( SELECT * WHERE ISDATE(@StringDate) = 1) PRINT 'VALID DATE: ' + @StringDate ELSE PRINT 'INVALID DATE: ' + @StringDate GO -- Result: VALID DATE: 2011-03-15 18:50 DECLARE @StringDate varchar(32) SET @StringDate = '20112-03-15 18:50' IF EXISTS( SELECT * WHERE ISDATE(@StringDate) = 1) PRINT 'VALID DATE: ' + @StringDate ELSE PRINT 'INVALID DATE: ' + @StringDate GO -- Result: INVALID DATE: 20112-03-15 18:50 -- Selected named date styles ------------ DECLARE @DateTimeValue varchar(32) -- US-Style SELECT @DateTimeValue = '10/23/2016' SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue, [US-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue) SELECT @DateTimeValue = '10/23/2016 23:01:05' SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue, [US-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue) -- UK-Style, British/French -- convert string to datetime sql -- sql convert string to datetime SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23/10/16 23:01:05' SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue, [UK-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 3) SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23/10/2016 04:01 PM' SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue, [UK-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 103) -- German-Style SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23.10.16 23:01:05' SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue, [German-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 4) SELECT @DateTimeValue = '23.10.2016 04:01 PM' SELECT StringDate = @DateTimeValue, [German-Style] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue, 104) ------------ -- Double conversion to US-Style 107 with century: Oct 23, 2016 SET @DateTimeValue='10/23/16' SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue, [US-Style] = CONVERT(varchar, CONVERT(datetime, @DateTimeValue),107) -- Using DATEFORMAT - UK-Style -- SQL dateformat SET @DateTimeValue='23/10/16' SET DATEFORMAT dmy SELECT StringDate=@DateTimeValue, [Date Time] = CONVERT(datetime, @DatetimeValue) -- Using DATEFORMAT - US-Style SET DATEFORMAT mdy -- DATEPART datetime function example -- SQL Server datetime functions SELECT * FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders WHERE DATEPART(YEAR, OrderDate) = '1996' AND DATEPART(MONTH,OrderDate) = '07' AND DATEPART(DAY, OrderDate) = '10' -- Alternate syntax for DATEPART example SELECT * FROM Northwind.dbo.Orders WHERE YEAR(OrderDate) = '1996' AND MONTH(OrderDate) = '07' AND DAY(OrderDate) = '10' GO ------------ -- Extract string date from text with PATINDEX pattern matching -- Apply sql server string to date conversion ------------ USE tempdb; go CREATE TABLE InsiderTransaction ( InsiderTransactionID int identity primary key, TradeDate datetime, TradeMsg varchar(256), ModifiedDate datetime default (getdate()) ) go -- Populate table with dummy data INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 09-02-08 Buy 2,000 6.10') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Schmidt, Steven CFO 08-25-08 Buy 2,500 6.70') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 08-20-08 Buy 3,000 8.59') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Walters, Jeff CTO 08-15-08 Sell 5,648 8.49') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Walters, Jeff CTO 08-15-08 Option Execute 5,648 2.15') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 07-31-08 Buy 5,000 8.05') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC Lennot, Mark B. Director 08-31-07 Buy 1,500 9.97') INSERT InsiderTransaction (TradeMsg) VALUES( 'INSIDER TRAN QABC O''Neal, Linda COO 08-01-08 Sell 5,000 6.50') go -- Extract dates from stock trade message text -- Pattern match for MM-DD-YY using the PATINDEX string function SELECT TradeDate=substring(TradeMsg, patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg),8) FROM InsiderTransaction WHERE patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg) > 0

/* Partial results



TradeDate

09-02-08

08-25-08

08-20-08

*/



-- Update table with extracted date

-- Convert string date to datetime

UPDATE InsiderTransaction

SET TradeDate = convert(datetime, substring(TradeMsg,

patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg),8))

WHERE patindex('%[01][0-9]-[0123][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]%', TradeMsg) > 0



SELECT * FROM InsiderTransaction ORDER BY TradeDate desc

/* Partial results



InsiderTransactionID TradeDate TradeMsg ModifiedDate

1 2008-09-02 00:00:00.000 INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 09-02-08 Buy 2,000 6.10 2008-12-22 20:25:19.263

2 2008-08-25 00:00:00.000 INSIDER TRAN QABC Schmidt, Steven CFO 08-25-08 Buy 2,500 6.70 2008-12-22 20:25:19.263

3 2008-08-20 00:00:00.000 INSIDER TRAN QABC Hammer, Bruce D. CSO 08-20-08 Buy 3,000 8.59 2008-12-22 20:25:19.263

*/



-- Cleanup task

DROP TABLE InsiderTransaction

go

/************



VALID DATE RANGES FOR DATETIME DATA TYPES



SMALLDATETIME (4 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1900 through June 6, 2079



DATETIME (8 bytes) date range:

January 1, 1753 through December 31, 9999



-- The statement below will give a date range error

SELECT CONVERT(smalldatetime, '2110-01-01')

/*

Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 1

The conversion of a varchar data type to a smalldatetime data type

resulted in an out-of-range value.

*/

************/

------------

-- SQL CONVERT DATE/DATETIME script applying table variable

------------

-- SQL Server convert date

-- Datetime column is converted into date only string column

DECLARE @sqlConvertDate TABLE ( DatetimeColumn datetime,

DateColumn char(10));

INSERT @sqlConvertDate (DatetimeColumn) SELECT GETDATE()



UPDATE @sqlConvertDate

SET DateColumn = CONVERT(char(10), DatetimeColumn, 111)

SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate



-- SQL Server convert datetime

-- The string date column is converted into datetime column

UPDATE @sqlConvertDate

SET DatetimeColumn = CONVERT(Datetime, DateColumn, 111)

SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate



-- Equivalent formulation

-- SQL Server cast datetime

UPDATE @sqlConvertDate

SET DatetimeColumn = CAST(DateColumn AS datetime)

SELECT * FROM @sqlConvertDate

GO

/* First results



DatetimeColumn DateColumn

2012-12-25 15:54:10.363 2012/12/25 */



/* Second results:



DatetimeColumn DateColumn

2012-12-25 00:00:00.000 2012/12/25 */

------------

-- SQL date sequence generation with DATEADD & table variable

-- SQL Server cast datetime to string

-- SQL Server insert default values method

DECLARE @Sequence table (Sequence int identity(1,1))

DECLARE @i int; SET @i = 0

WHILE ( @i < 500)

BEGIN

INSERT @Sequence DEFAULT VALUES

SET @i = @i + 1

END

SELECT DateSequence = CAST(DATEADD(day, Sequence,getdate()) AS varchar)

FROM @Sequence

GO

/* Partial results:



DateSequence

Dec 31 2008 3:02AM

Jan 1 2009 3:02AM

Jan 2 2009 3:02AM

Jan 3 2009 3:02AM

Jan 4 2009 3:02AM

Jan 5 2009 3:02AM

Jan 6 2009 3:02AM

Jan 7 2009 3:02AM

*/

------------

------------

-- SQL Last Week calculations

------------

-- SQL last Friday

-- Implied string to datetime conversions in DATEADD & DATEDIFF

DECLARE @BaseFriday CHAR(8), @LastFriday datetime, @LastMonday datetime

SET @BaseFriday = '19000105'

SELECT @LastFriday = DATEADD(dd,

(DATEDIFF (dd, @BaseFriday, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) / 7) * 7,

@BaseFriday)

SELECT [Last Friday] = @LastFriday

-- Result: 2008-12-26 00:00:00.000



-- SQL last Monday (last week's Monday)

SELECT @LastMonday=DATEADD(dd,

(DATEDIFF (dd, @BaseFriday, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) / 7) * 7 - 4,

@BaseFriday)

SELECT [Last Monday]= @LastMonday

-- Result: 2008-12-22 00:00:00.000



-- SQL last week - SUN - SAT

SELECT [Last Week] = CONVERT(varchar,dateadd(day, -1, @LastMonday), 101)+

' - ' +

CONVERT(varchar,dateadd(day, 1, @LastFriday), 101)

-- Result: 12/21/2008 - 12/27/2008

------------

------------

-- SQL Last Date calculations

------------

-- Last day of prior month

-- Last day of previous month

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)

-- 01/31/2019



-- Last day of current month

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)

-- 02/28/2019



-- Last day of prior quarter

-- Last day of previous quarter

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(qq, DATEDIFF(qq,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)

-- 12/31/2018



-- Last day of current quarter

-- Last day of current quarter

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(qq, DATEDIFF(qq,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)

-- 03/31/2019



-- Last day of prior year

-- Last day of previous year

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate() ), 0)),101)

-- 12/31/2018



-- Last day of current year

SELECT convert( varchar, dateadd(dd,-1,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0)),101)

-- 12/31/2019

GO
------------

------------

-- SQL Server dateformat and language setting

------------

-- T-SQL set language

-- String to date conversion

SET LANGUAGE us_english

SELECT CAST('2018-03-15' AS datetime)

-- 2018-03-15 00:00:00.000



SET LANGUAGE british

SELECT CAST('2018-03-15' AS datetime)

/* Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 2

The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in

an out-of-range value.

*/

SELECT CAST('2018-15-03' AS datetime)

-- 2018-03-15 00:00:00.000



SET LANGUAGE us_english



-- SQL dateformat with language dependency

SELECT name, alias, dateformat

FROM sys.syslanguages

WHERE langid in (0,1,2,4,5,6,7,10,11,13,23,31)

GO

/*

name alias dateformat

us_english English mdy

Deutsch German dmy

Français French dmy

Dansk Danish dmy

Español Spanish dmy

Italiano Italian dmy

Nederlands Dutch dmy

Suomi Finnish dmy

Svenska Swedish ymd

magyar Hungarian ymd

British British English dmy

Arabic Arabic dmy

*/

------------

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